“It's a real public service to have debates that bring top-tier participants together and add the sizzle of prize fight competition to a discussion of issues of first-order importance.”
How to Defuse Iran’s Nuclear Threat James Dobbins, Dalia Dassa Kaye, Alireza Nader and Frederic Wehrey, RAND, Spring 2012An Israeli or American attack on Iranian nuclear facilities would make it more, not less, likely that the Iranian regime would decide to produce and deploy nuclear weapons. Such an attack would also make it more, not less, difficult to contain Iranian influence.
Gate Crashing the Opposition James Dobbins and Alireza Nader, Foreign Affairs, August 22, 2012The best -- and, at this point, almost the only -- concrete thing Washington can do to advance democracy in Iran is to support those transitions already underway in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and, particularly, Syria.
Iran’s Self-Destructive Gamble Alireza Nader and James Dobbins, New York Times, January 5, 2012The Iranian regime needs to be persuaded that it will become more isolated, more penalized and more vulnerable to internal unrest if it chooses to test and deploy nuclear weapons. Unilateral U.S. or Israeli action cannot produce this effect.
Coping With a Nuclearizing Iran James Dobbins, Alireza Nader, Dalia Dassa Kaye and Frederic Wehrey, RAND, 2011This monograph attempts to fill that gap by providing a midterm strategy for dealing with Iran that neither begins nor ends at the point at which Tehran acquires a nuclear weapon capability.
Iran Sanctions: Options, Opportunities and Consequences James Dobbins, RAND, December 15, 2009Testimony presented before the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee, Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs.
Negotiating With Iran James Dobbins, RAND, November 7, 2007Testimony presented before the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs.
For: REUVEN PEDATZUR
Fear Is Not a Deterrent, Bibi Reuven Pedatzur, Haaretz, August 21, 2012In his comments these days, Netanyahu is undermining the chance of crafting a credible deterrent policy against a future nuclear Iran.
The Futility of Attacking Iran Reuven Pedatzur, Haaretz, February 9, 2012Some of the nuclear facilities in Iran, especially those that are critical for the continuation of its nuclear program activities, are located deep below the surface and protected by reinforced concrete fortifications. This makes the task of destroying them almost completely impossible.
Nuclear Recalcitrance Reuven Pedatzur, Haaretz, September 30, 2012In Jerusalem, as always, any mention of Israeli nuclear weapons produces a Pavlovian response. No, no, no - there's nothing to talk about and nobody to talk to.
Iran Is Too Rational to Attack Israel Reuven Pedatzur, Haaretz, December 20, 2011Israel's policy makers now face a complicated dilemma regarding Iran's nuclear program: Should they work on the assumption that mutual deterrence of the Cold War variety is applicable to the Iranian situation?
IAF Chief Must Save Israel From Futile Attack on Iran Reuven Pedatzur, Haaretz, November 2, 2011The IAF can bomb Iran, he must tell the government, but ultimately the operation will not destroy the Iranian nuclear program, at best it can delay it.
The Iranian Nuclear Threat and the Israeli Options Reuven Pedatzur, Contemporary Security Policy, Vol. 28, No. 3, December 2007The key to strategic stability in a nuclear Middle East lies in the realization and acceptance by decision makers in Jerusalem and Tehran that there is no point to using nuclear weapons—if both sides have it.
Let Them Have Nukes Reuven Pedatzur, Haaretz, September 7, 2006Mutual deterrence will be based on new rules of the game, with Israel making its red lines clear to Iran. For example, Iran will be made aware that the moment a missile is detected heading westward from its territory, the Israeli nuclear response will be automatically activated - without waiting for the missile to land, and without examining whether it is nuclear.
How Iran Could Trigger Accidental Armageddon Jeffrey Goldberg, Bloomberg View, January 23, 2012The experts who study this depressing issue seem to agree that a Middle East in which Iran has four or five nuclear weapons would be dangerously unstable and prone to warp-speed escalation.
Why Obama Might Save Israel From Nuclear Iran Jeffrey Goldberg, Bloomberg View, November 7, 2011Based on interviews inside and outside the White House, that Obama would consider using force -- missile strikes, mainly -- to stop the Iranians from crossing the nuclear threshold.
The Point of No Return Jeffrey Goldberg, Atlantic, September 2010A look at the strategic calculations on both sides—and at how, if things remain on the current course, an Israeli air strike will unfold.
Against: SHMUEL BAR
Can Cold War Deterrence Apply to a Nuclear Iran? Shmuel Bar, Strategic Perspectives, Number 7, 2011The inherent instability of the region and its regimes, the difficulty in managing multilateral nuclear tensions, the weight of religious, emotional, and internal pressures, and the proclivity of many of the regimes in the region toward military adventurism and brinkmanship do not bode well for the future of this region once it enters the nuclear age.
Iranian Defense Doctrine and Decision Making Shmuel Bar, Institute for Policy and Strategy, 2004The achievement of a nuclear capability is perceived in Iran as both a strategic exigency and a well-deserved membership card in a select club to which Iran ought to belong.
We Can Live With a Nuclear Iran Paul Pillar, Washington Monthly, March/April 2012Fears of a bomb in Tehran’s hands are overhyped, and a war to prevent it would be a disaster.
Living With a Nuclear Iran Robert Kaplan, Atlantic, September 2010Iran can be contained. The path to follow? A course laid out half a century ago by a young Henry Kissinger, who argued that American chances of checking revolutionary powers such as the Soviet Union depended on our credible willingness to engage them in limited war.
Why Iran Should Get the Bomb Kenneth N. Waltz, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2012Nuclear balancing would mean stability.
Nuclear Mullahs Bill Keller, New York Times, September 9, 2012Negotiate a deal that lets Iran enrich uranium for civilian use (as it is entitled to do under the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty), that applies rigorous safeguards (because Iran cheats), that gradually relaxes sanctions and brings this wayward country into the community of more-or-less civilized nations.
AGAINST
Time to Attack Iran Matthew Kroenig, Foreign Affairs, January/February 2012Why a strike is the least bad option.
Why Obama Should Take Out Iran’s Nuclear Program Eric Edelman, Andre Krepinevich Jr. and Evan Montgomery, Foreign Affairs, November 9, 2011Iran is closer to having nuclear weapons than was widely assumed, and once it goes nuclear, it will be impossible to stop. To prevent it, the Obama administration must use military force—soon.
Israel and Iran: The Grounds for an Israeli Attack Elliot Abrams, World Affairs, May/June 2012The dangers Israel faces from an Iranian nuclear weapon are unique and, I will argue, are dangers no nation should be asked to accept.
The Case for Bombing Iran Norman Podhoretz, Commentary, June 2007Ahmadinejad’s ambitions are not confined to the destruction of Israel.
Iran and the Bomb Colin H. Kahl and Kenneth N. Waltz, Foreign Affairs, September/October 2012Would a nuclear Iran make the Middle East more secure?
RELATED ARTICLES & LINKS
BACKGROUND
Nuclear Iran: A Glossary of Terms Simon Henderson and Ollie Heinonen, Policy Focus 121, Washington Institute, August 2012An interactive online glossary of terms used in the discussion about Iran, prepared by proliferation expert Simon Henderson and Olli Heinonen, former deputy director-general of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Crisis Guide: Iran Council on Foreign RelationsThis interactive presentation traces Iran’s history, its evolution as an Islamic republic, and the controversial nuclear program. It also offers an expert overview of the main policy options for dealing with Iran.
Nuclear Threat Initiative Iran Country Profile, NTIBackground on Iran’s historical nuclear activities, including an interactive facilities map.
The Iranian Nuclear Program: Timelines, Data, and Estimates Maseh Zarif, AEI Iran Tracker, November 23, 2012This product is an exposition of the technical data contained in numerous International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reports informed by the discussions of experts in the field of nuclear proliferation. It is a work in progress in that it will be revised continuously based on new information from the IAEA reports and other sources and on feedback from readers.
WAR GAMES
A Series of Unfortunate Events: A Crisis Simulation of a U.S.-Iranian Confrontation Kenneth M. Pollack, Middle East Memo #26, Saban Center, Brookings, October 2012A description of a Saban Center day-long simulation of a confrontation between the United States and Iran arising from ongoing tensions over Iran’s nuclear program and western covert actions intended to delay or degrade it.
War Game: The Hours Following an Attack on Iran’s Nuclear Infrastructures Udi Dekel and Yonathan Lerner, Institute for National Security Studies, November 4, 2012Overall, there are two opposing assessments of the implications of an Israeli attack. One anticipates the outbreak of World War III, while the other envisions containment and restraint, and presumes that in practice, Iran’s capabilities to ignite the Middle East are limited.
Iran: A Strategic Simulation Yoel Guzansky and Yonathan Lerner, Institute for National Security Studies, January 2012The simulation conducted at INSS staged responses to a scenario of Iran carrying out a nuclear test and the analytical discussions that followed.
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
IAEA Report on Iran August 30, 2012IAEA report on the implementation of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Inspectors Confirm New Work by Iran at Secure Nuclear Site David Sanger and William Broad, New York Times, August 30, 2012Iran has installed three-quarters of the nuclear centrifuges it needs to complete a site deep underground for the production of nuclear fuel, international inspectors reported Thursday, a finding that led the White House to warn that “the window that is open now to resolve this diplomatically will not remain open indefinitely.”
Iran Doubles Underground Nuclear Capacity: U.N. Agency Fredrik Dahl, Reuters, August 30, 2012Iran has doubled the number of uranium enrichment centrifuges it has in an underground bunker, showing Tehran has continued to expand its nuclear program despite Western pressure and the threat of an Israeli attack.
ENGAGEMENT, NOT WAR
The Iranian Nuclear Threat Karim Sadjadpour and George Perkovich, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, November 29, 2012The potential ramifications of a military attack on Iran are so dire that President Obama must give engagement another chance. The realistic aim of diplomacy should not be forging a comprehensive, long-term agreement. The administration should instead focus on motivating Iran to cap its nuclear development.
The Dominoes of War With Iran Rouzbeh Parsi, Foreign Policy, March 2, 2012The real problem now is how the current debate and the policy being pursued in Western capitals in general -- and in Washington in particular -- is steadily blanketing out all the alternative paths that could, and still can, be taken, giving the impression that war is a reasonable and almost inevitable policy outcome.
Risk and Rivalry: Iran, Israel and the Bomb Colin Kahl, Melissa Dalton and Matthew Irvine, Center for a New American Security, June 6, 2012The authors recommend that while preventing Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons should remain an urgent priority, rushing into preventive war would risk making the threat worse and force should be seen as a last resort.
PREVENTIVE STRIKE
Analyzing the Impact of Preventive Strikes Against Iran’s Nuclear Facilities Anthony Cordesman and Abdullah Toukan, CSIS, September 2012This report addresses how the U.S. could take the lead in carrying out a preventive Military Strike against Iran if all peaceful options have been exhausted and Iran has left no other means to convince it to stop or change its course in pursuing nuclear weapons.
The Day After: Responding to an Israeli Strike on Iran Michael Eisenstadt, Washington Institute, September 27, 2012To mitigate adverse consequences, Washington would need to take a number of steps before and after an Israeli strike, some of which might run counter to its instincts and preferences.
The Military Uncertainties of an Attack on Iran Michael E. O’Hanlon, Brookings, August 15, 2012There’s greater uncertainty in the outcome of an Israeli or U.S. air campaign against Iran’s nuclear facilities than frequently appreciated, whether it is carried out quickly or over a period of days or even weeks.
CONTAINMENT AND DETERRENCE
Deterring a Nuclear Iran Kenneth Pollack, Council on Foreign Relations, May 2010In this Working Paper, sponsored by the Carnegie Corporation of New York, Pollack presents formal and informal structures requisite to effectively deter a post-nuclear Iran.
Containing and Deterring a Nuclear Iran Thomas Donnelly, Danielle Pletka and Maseh Zarif, AEI, December 2011Containing and deterring may become the least-bad choice, but that does not make it a low-risk or low-cost choice.
Iran Claims It Has Overcome Sanctions Associated Press, New York Times, December 23, 2012Iran's oil minister claimed Sunday his country has successfully overcome sanctions on the sale of its oil, state TV reported.
Iran’s Nuclear Resistance Geneive Abdo, Foreign Policy, October 25, 2012It is time for the United States and its Western allies to realize that the policy of more sanctions, intimidation, and pressure is counter-productive to the stated goal of changing the regime's behavior on the nuclear issue.
IN THE NEWS
New Nuclear Talks With Iran May Be Possible in the Coming Weeks, U.S. Says Joby Warrick, Washington Post, December 14, 2012The United States and five other world powers are hastily preparing for possible new talks with Iran amid signs that the country’s leaders might be willing to meet as early as next week to discuss scaling back nuclear activities in return for future sanctions relief.
Best to Ignore the AP’s Bogus Graph on Iranian Nuclear Weapons Glenn Greenwald, Guardian, November 28, 2012Uncritical, fear-mongering media propaganda is far too common to take note of each time it appears, but sometimes, what is produced is so ludicrous that is illustrative value should not be ignored.